Spudding is the first step to drilling a well in the oil and gas industry. A large drill bit is initially used to clear a surface hole. The initial drilling is lined with casing and cement to protect the nearby ground.
[pdf] The standard method involves percussion drilling in which a drill is alternatively raised and dropped in the descending borehole. It is suited to the drilling of wells in any material from soft clay to the hardest rock.
[pdf] Directional drilling (or slant drilling) is the practice of drilling non-vertical . It can be broken down into four main groups: directional drilling, utility installation directional drilling, (horizontal directional drilling - HDD), and surface in seam (SIS), which horizontally intersects a vertical bore target to extract .
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