Spudding is the first step to drilling a well in the oil and gas industry. A large drill bit is initially used to clear a surface hole. The initial drilling is lined with casing and cement to protect the nearby ground.
[pdf] On September 13, New Concept Mining (NCM), a division of Swedish company Epiroc, opened its Hydraulic Rock Drill (HRD) production facility in Aeroton, Johannesburg. NCM is a ground support solutions supplier based in South Africa.
[pdf] This paper examines the new water-hydraulic (hydropowered) drill rigs that have been developed and proven in the last decade primarily in tabular, shallow-dipping, narrow-reef hard-rock South African mines.
[pdf] 
